
Reta$125

From the lab.
To a bigger conversation.
Categories describe areas of research and proposed benefits. A result in cells or animals is a starting point for exploration; it does not establish the same effect in people.
Community perspectives capture ideas and experiences from the wider conversation. Their claims remain attributed to their authors. Open any source to explore its methods, context, and conclusions.
39 sources to explore
Scientific reviewPickart and Margolina connect copper-peptide research on collagen, tissue remodeling, and gene expression with early topical studies of aging skin.
Evidence spans different preparations and study designs; topical findings do not establish injectable benefits.
Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data
Loren Pickart and Anna Margolina · International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2018
Research paperMOTS-C treatment improved running performance in young and older mice. In a separate human experiment, exercise increased naturally produced MOTS-C in muscle and blood.
The human component measured an exercise response, not the effects of administering MOTS-C.
MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis
Joseph C. Reynolds et al. · Nature Communications, 2021
Research paperIn 338 adults, retatrutide produced substantial weight reduction over 48 weeks. The highest treatment group averaged 24.2% weight loss versus 2.1% with placebo.
Phase 2 trial; gastrointestinal events were common and heart rate increased during treatment.
Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial
Ania M. Jastreboff et al. · New England Journal of Medicine, 2023
Scientific reviewThis scholarly review examines BPC-157 research in tendon, ligament, and muscle repair, including the challenge of healing tissues with limited blood supply.
The reviewed repair evidence is predominantly preclinical and concentrated in a small research network.
Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing
Daniel Gwyer, Nicholas M. Wragg, and Samantha L. Wilson · Cell and Tissue Research, 2019
Research paperIn rats, Semax increased hippocampal BDNF signaling and improved performance on a conditioned-learning task. The work offers a mechanism for its cognitive research program.
Rat learning and molecular endpoints do not establish improved everyday cognition in people.
Semax, an analog of ACTH(4-10) with cognitive effects, regulates BDNF and trkB expression in the rat hippocampus
Oleg V. Dolotov et al. · Brain Research, 2006
Research paperBrunel researchers reported telomere extension in normal human cell cultures after Epitalon, associated with increased telomerase. Cancer cell lines used a different telomere-maintenance pathway.
Cell experiments only; cancer-cell effects complicate translation. The linked article incorporates a published figure correction.
Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity
Sarah Al-Dulaimi et al. · Biogerontology, 2025
Research paperSURMOUNT-1 enrolled 2,539 adults without diabetes. Average weight loss at 72 weeks ranged from 15.0% to 20.9% across tirzepatide groups, compared with 3.1% with placebo.
Participants had obesity or qualifying overweight; gastrointestinal effects were the most frequent adverse events.
Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity
Ania M. Jastreboff et al. · New England Journal of Medicine, 2022
Community perspectivePaula’s Choice explains how the ingredient name Copper Tripeptide-1 maps to GHK-Cu, and why cosmetic researchers connect it with matrix renewal, skin firmness, and soothing.
Commercial skincare commentary; the discussion concerns cosmetic ingredients and topical formulations.
Copper Tripeptide-1
Paula’s Choice · Paula’s Choice, undated
Community perspectiveJosh Mitteldorf reports from a symposium involving the St Petersburg bioregulator researchers. His reflections explain the appeal of short-peptide aging research and his call for replication and transparent follow-up data.
A personal conference report; the symposium was sponsored by the researchers’ laboratory, and its claims are not new clinical evidence.
Aging Gets Personal
Josh Mitteldorf · Aging Matters / ScienceBlog, 2017
Research paperThis randomized study found improved muscle insulin sensitivity and signaling after oral NMN in postmenopausal women with prediabetes and overweight or obesity.
The findings concern oral NMN in a specific population, not injected NAD+ or established lifespan extension.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women
Mihoko Yoshino et al. · Science, 2021
Research paperKPV entered intestinal and immune cells through the PepT1 transporter and reduced inflammatory signaling. It also lessened inflammation in two mouse models of colitis.
Human cell cultures and mice were studied; this was not a human intestinal-disease trial.
PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation
Guillaume Dalmasso et al. · Gastroenterology, 2008
Research paperFull-length thymosin beta-4 accelerated skin-wound closure in rats, accompanied by more collagen deposition and blood-vessel formation. Cell experiments also showed greater keratinocyte migration.
The studied 43-amino-acid molecule is not the shorter peptide commonly called TB-500.
Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing
K. M. Malinda et al. · Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 1999
Showing 12 of 39 sources