
Reta$125

From the lab.
To a bigger conversation.
Categories describe areas of research and proposed benefits. A result in cells or animals is a starting point for exploration; it does not establish the same effect in people.
Community perspectives capture ideas and experiences from the wider conversation. Their claims remain attributed to their authors. Open any source to explore its methods, context, and conclusions.
27 sources to explore
Research paperMOTS-C treatment improved running performance in young and older mice. In a separate human experiment, exercise increased naturally produced MOTS-C in muscle and blood.
The human component measured an exercise response, not the effects of administering MOTS-C.
MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis
Joseph C. Reynolds et al. · Nature Communications, 2021
Research paperIn 338 adults, retatrutide produced substantial weight reduction over 48 weeks. The highest treatment group averaged 24.2% weight loss versus 2.1% with placebo.
Phase 2 trial; gastrointestinal events were common and heart rate increased during treatment.
Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial
Ania M. Jastreboff et al. · New England Journal of Medicine, 2023
Research paperIn rats, Semax increased hippocampal BDNF signaling and improved performance on a conditioned-learning task. The work offers a mechanism for its cognitive research program.
Rat learning and molecular endpoints do not establish improved everyday cognition in people.
Semax, an analog of ACTH(4-10) with cognitive effects, regulates BDNF and trkB expression in the rat hippocampus
Oleg V. Dolotov et al. · Brain Research, 2006
Research paperBrunel researchers reported telomere extension in normal human cell cultures after Epitalon, associated with increased telomerase. Cancer cell lines used a different telomere-maintenance pathway.
Cell experiments only; cancer-cell effects complicate translation. The linked article incorporates a published figure correction.
Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity
Sarah Al-Dulaimi et al. · Biogerontology, 2025
Research paperSURMOUNT-1 enrolled 2,539 adults without diabetes. Average weight loss at 72 weeks ranged from 15.0% to 20.9% across tirzepatide groups, compared with 3.1% with placebo.
Participants had obesity or qualifying overweight; gastrointestinal effects were the most frequent adverse events.
Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity
Ania M. Jastreboff et al. · New England Journal of Medicine, 2022
Research paperThis randomized study found improved muscle insulin sensitivity and signaling after oral NMN in postmenopausal women with prediabetes and overweight or obesity.
The findings concern oral NMN in a specific population, not injected NAD+ or established lifespan extension.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women
Mihoko Yoshino et al. · Science, 2021
Research paperKPV entered intestinal and immune cells through the PepT1 transporter and reduced inflammatory signaling. It also lessened inflammation in two mouse models of colitis.
Human cell cultures and mice were studied; this was not a human intestinal-disease trial.
PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation
Guillaume Dalmasso et al. · Gastroenterology, 2008
Research paperFull-length thymosin beta-4 accelerated skin-wound closure in rats, accompanied by more collagen deposition and blood-vessel formation. Cell experiments also showed greater keratinocyte migration.
The studied 43-amino-acid molecule is not the shorter peptide commonly called TB-500.
Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing
K. M. Malinda et al. · Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 1999
Research paperIn 98 participants with fatty liver, retatrutide substantially reduced MRI-measured liver fat. The largest average relative reduction was 82.4% at 24 weeks.
This measures liver fat, not biopsy-confirmed reversal of liver fibrosis; it is a substudy of the obesity trial.
Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial
Arun J. Sanyal et al. · Nature Medicine, 2024
Research paperThis discovery paper identifies MOTS-C as a mitochondrial peptide that influences muscle metabolism. Treatment protected mice against diet-related obesity and age-related insulin resistance.
The treatment findings come from mice and cells; they are not human weight-loss results.
The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance
Changhan Lee et al. · Cell Metabolism, 2015
Research paperTwo randomized trials found that tirzepatide reduced sleep-apnea severity in adults with obesity. Participants also reported improvements in sleep-related impairment.
The participants had moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea; this is not a general insomnia finding.
Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity
Atul Malhotra et al. · New England Journal of Medicine, 2024
Research paperAfter surgical ligament injury, treated rats showed better healing across function, mechanical testing, and tissue examination. The study followed repair for up to 90 days.
This is a controlled rat injury model, not a clinical sports-injury trial.
Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736) improves ligament healing in the rat
Tomislav Cerovecki et al. · Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2010
Showing 12 of 27 sources