VERITY RESEARCHA LIBRARY OF POSSIBILITY

Small molecules.
Big questions.

FOLLOW YOUR CURIOSITY

Explore the science, the emerging ideas, and the conversations moving peptide research forward.

From the lab.
To a bigger conversation.

Original studies, scientific reviews, and community perspectives, organized around the possibilities being explored. Each source tells you what was studied—and where the idea comes from.

39 curated sources24 compounds explored

EXPLORE THE EVIDENCE

Your next rabbit hole.

THE RESEARCH LIBRARY / 01

Search researchSort research

Filter by compound

4 sources for “ss-31”

Research paper

SS-312021

SS-31 improves mitochondrial energy capacity in older muscle (opens in a new tab)

In a randomized trial of 39 older adults with reduced mitochondrial function, a single elamipretide infusion increased muscle ATP production capacity shortly after treatment. Measured fatigue resistance did not improve.

Human research

Inside this research

The percent change in ATP production capacity favored elamipretide immediately after infusion; the absolute change narrowly missed statistical significance.
No difference in ATP production capacity was found seven days after treatment.
The study did not demonstrate improved fatigue resistance.

A small acute infusion study in selected older adults; it does not establish lasting exercise, fatigue, or anti-aging benefits.

In vivo mitochondrial ATP production is improved in older adult skeletal muscle after a single dose of elamipretide in a randomized trial
Roshanravan B, Liu SZ, Ali AS, et al. · PLOS ONE, 2021

PLOS ONERead paper (opens in a new tab)

Research paper

SS-312013

SS-31 helps mitochondria recover after interrupted blood flow (opens in a new tab)

Laboratory experiments and a rat kidney-injury model showed that SS-31 bound cardiolipin, helped preserve mitochondrial membrane structure, and accelerated ATP recovery after blood flow returned.

Mixed evidence

Inside this research

SS-31 interacted with cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Pretreated rats showed preservation of mitochondrial cristae during renal ischemia.
ATP recovery and repair of ATP-dependent cellular processes improved after reperfusion.

Mechanistic and animal evidence, not a clinical demonstration of recovery benefits in humans.

The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipin
Birk AV, Liu S, Soong Y, et al. · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 2013

Journal of the American Society of NephrologyRead paper (opens in a new tab)

Research paper

SS-312021

Elamipretide research explores muscle function in Barth syndrome (opens in a new tab)

In 12 people with Barth syndrome, the randomized phase did not meet its walking-distance or symptom endpoints. Improvements in walking distance, symptoms, and knee-extensor strength were later reported during an open-label extension.

Human research

Inside this research

The 12-week randomized crossover phase did not meet either primary endpoint.
Eight participants reached 36 weeks of the open-label extension, which reported functional improvements.

The extension had no concurrent placebo group. Barth syndrome results and the studied formulation do not establish benefits for healthy users or this research vial.

A phase 2/3 randomized clinical trial followed by an open-label extension to evaluate the effectiveness of elamipretide in Barth syndrome, a genetic disorder of mitochondrial cardiolipin metabolism
Thompson WR, Hornby B, Manuel R, et al. · Genetics in Medicine, 2021

Genetics in MedicineRead paper (opens in a new tab)

Research paper

SS-312023

A larger trial tests elamipretide for mitochondrial muscle disease (opens in a new tab)

MMPOWER-3 tested whether elamipretide could improve walking distance and fatigue in primary mitochondrial myopathy. At 24 weeks, neither primary outcome improved compared with placebo.

Human research

Inside this research

The randomized trial assessed the six-minute walk test and patient-reported fatigue.
Neither primary endpoint showed an improvement over placebo at 24 weeks.

Findings apply to the primary mitochondrial myopathy population studied; they should not be conflated with trials in Barth syndrome.

Efficacy and Safety of Elamipretide in Individuals With Primary Mitochondrial Myopathy: The MMPOWER-3 Randomized Clinical Trial
Karaa A, et al. · Neurology, 2023

NeurologyRead paper (opens in a new tab)

Opening the research library…

A NOTE ON READING RESEARCH

Stay curious.
Read the source.

Categories describe areas of research and proposed benefits. A result in cells or animals is a starting point for exploration; it does not establish the same effect in people.

Community perspectives capture ideas and experiences from the wider conversation. Their claims remain attributed to their authors. Open any source to explore its methods, context, and conclusions.

Small molecules.Big questions.

Your next rabbit hole.

Stay curious.Read the source.

Your next rabbit hole.

Small molecules.
Big questions.

Stay curious.
Read the source.